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1.
Cambios rev med ; 21(2): 876, 30 Diciembre 2022. tabs.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1413849

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. La epidemia de influenza y sus complicaciones profundizaron el estudio de las neumonías virales en cuidados intensivos. En nuestro país hay pocos datos sobre este tema. OBJETIVOS. Realizar una caracterización demográfica y clínica de pacientes críticos con neumonía por Influenza A H1N1 en un hospital de tercer nivel de complejidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, con análisis univariante y multivariante. Población de 293 y muestra de 44 datos de historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes diagnosticados con A H1N1 ingresados a la Unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el período enero 2016 a diciembre de 2018. Como criterios de inclusión se consideró a todos los pacientes adultos mayores de 18 años que ingresaron a la UCI, con el diagnóstico de neumonía comunitaria grave con confirmación por reacción de cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real para influenza A H1N1 en hisopado nasal o aspirado traqueal. Se excluyó a pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico de influenza A H1N1, pacientes con más de 48 horas de ingreso hospitalario previo a su ingreso a UCI, pacientes con datos insuficientes en los registros. Los datos se obtuvieron del sistema AS-400. El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versión 22. El nivel de significación fue una p<0.05. RESULTADOS. La prevalencia en pacientes críticos de neumonía por influenza A H1N1 durante 2016-2018 fue de 16,72%, la mediana de edad fue de 55 años, 25% masculinos, 34% obesos, 34% con hipertensión arterial. Escala "Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II" 23,50, "Simplified Acute Physiologic Score III" 54, "Sepsis related Organ Failure Assessment" 11,50, Lactato deshidrogenasa 99,50, Procalcitonina 0,99; 9 días de ventilación mecánica invasiva, 10,50 días de estancia en la unidad. El 91% presentó shock séptico, 59% lesión renal aguda. El 89% tuvo Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio del Adultos, 69% fue grave, 87% usó ventilación mecánica, 38,50% corticoides, 36% posición prona, Presión parcial de oxígeno/Fracción inspirada de oxígeno 74, volumen tidal/kilogramo de 7 mililitros, presión plateau de 27,50 centímetros de agua. La mortalidad general en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos fue de 38,63% y a los 28 días de 63,60%, en shock séptico fue 42,50% y en Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio del Adultos del 41,02%. El análisis de regresión logística multivariable identificó como factores independientes asociados a mortalidad el incremento de Lactato deshidrogenasa (OR 2,69, 9% IC 1,090-6,642) y Procalcitonina (OR 2,51, IC 1,005-6,272). CONCLUSIONES. Las características, frecuencia y mortalidad de este grupo de pacientes críticos con neumonía por influenza A H1N1 son similares a lo reportado en la literatura mundial.


INTRODUCTION. The influenza epidemic and its complications deepened the study of viral pneumonias in intensive care. In our country there is little data on this subject. OBJECTIVES. To perform a demographic and clinical characterization of critical patients with pneumonia due to pneumonia due to Influenza A H1N1 in a third level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, analytical, retrospective study, with univariate and multivariate analysis. We compared the groups of dead patients and survivors. The significance level was p<0,05. RESULTS. The prevalence in critically ill patients of influenza A H1N1 pneumonia during 2016-2018 was 16,72%, 44 cases were collected, median age 55 years, 25% male, 34% obese, 34% with arterial hypertension. APACHE II 23,50, SAPS III 54, SOFA 11,50, LDH 99,50, PCT 0,99, 9 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, 10,50 days of unit stay. 91% presented septic shock, 59% with acute kidney injury 89% had ARDS, 69% were severe, 87% used mechanical ventilation, 38,50% corticosteroids, 36% prone position, PaO2/FiO2 74, tidal volume/kg of 7 ml, plateau pressure of 27,50 cmH2O. Overall mortality in the ICU was 38,63% and at 28 days was 63,60%, in septic shock it was 42,50% and in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome it was 42,50%. was 42,50% and 41,02% in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The ultivariate logistic regression analysis identified as independent factors associated with mortality, the increase in LDH (OR 2,69, 9% CI 1,090-6,642) and PCT (OR 2,51, CI 1,005-6,272). CONCLUSIONS. The characteristics, frequency and mortality of this group of critical patients with pneumonia due to influenza A H1N1 are similar to those reported in the world literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, Viral , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Community-Acquired Infections , Sepsis , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Respiration, Artificial , Shock, Septic , Comorbidity , Mortality , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Diagnosis , Ecuador , Medication Therapy Management , Intensive Care Units
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(3): 460-469, jul.-set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403598

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen, con más de 100 años de uso, continúa vigente mundialmente. Objetivo. Comparar el rendimiento de las pruebas diagnósticas utilizadas para la determinación de micobacterias en el laboratorio clínico de patología en muestras de lavado broncoalveolar. Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron retrospectivamente 737 muestras de lavado broncoalveolar procesadas en el 2019 y el 2020 en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación (Medellín, Colombia) y se compararon las características de tres pruebas diagnósticas realizadas en paralelo: la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para micobacterias con detección de resistencia, el cultivo, y la coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen. Resultados. Se catalogaron como enfermos a 93 de los 737 pacientes a partir de los resultados positivos en alguna de las tres pruebas. El cultivo tuvo una sensibilidad de 0,80, la PCR una de 0,76 y la coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen una de 0,51. Sin embargo, solo 5 de 75 (6,5 %) cultivos fueron positivos a las cuatro semanas y el resto lo fue a las ocho semanas. La PCR combinada con la coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen mejoró la sensibilidad de la PCR por sí sola, de 0,76 a 0,88, diferencia que fue estadísticamente signifcativa (p=0,022). Conclusión. En las muestras de lavado broncoalveolar, el cultivo sigue siendo la prueba con mejor sensibilidad. El uso conjunto de la prueba de PCR y la coloración de ZiehlNeelsen mejora signifcativamente la sensibilidad de la primera, lo que compensa la demora relativa en la entrega de los resultados debida al tiempo requerido para la tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen.


Introduction: With more than 100 years of use, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain is still currently used worldwide. Objective: To compare the performance of diagnostic tests used to determine mycobacteria in the clinic and pathology laboratory in bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 737 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 2019 to 2020 in the San Vicente Fundación hospital (Medellín, Colombia) comparing the performance of three tests done in parallel: mycobacteria and resistance PCR, culture, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Results: In total, 93/737 patients were classifed as sick due to a positive result in any of the three tests. The culture, PCR, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain had a sensibility of 0.80, 0.76 y 0.51, respectively. However, only 5/75 (6.5%) of the positive cultures had results within the frst four weeks and the rest in eight weeks. The PCR test combined with the Ziehl-Neelsen stain improved the sensibility of the PCR test alone from 0.76 a 0.88, a change that was statistically signifcant (p = 0.022). Conclusion: At least in bronchoalveolar lavage samples, culture is still the test with better sensibility. The use in parallel of the PCR test and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain improved in a statistically signifcant manner the performance of the PCR test alone, regardless of the higher turnaround time of the Ziehl-Neelsen stain.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Colombia , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
3.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 17(4): 145-147, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438361

ABSTRACT

La histoplasmosis es una micosis producida por el Histoplasma capsulatum. Esta condición es endémica en Estados Unidos, Suramérica, América central y África. Suele presentarse en todas las edades, pero en niños; en especial en aquellos inmunodeprimidos, se han descrito presentaciones graves o atípicas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 16 años con antecedentes de trasplante renal, que inicia con síntomas respiratorios inespecíficos, tos y alzas térmicas intermitentes. La radiografía de tórax mostró una imagen de condensación cavitada en el lóbulo superior izquierdo, por lo que se realiza una fibrobroncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar y cultivos para patógenos habituales, micobacterias y hongos, lográndose aislar al Histoplasma capsulatum. EL objetivo de este trabajo es el de resaltar la consideración de histoplasmosis como diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones cavitadas en parénquima pulmonar en pacientes inmunodeprimidos con la presentación de un caso clínico.


Histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This condition is endemic in the United States, South America, Central America, and Africa. It usually occurs in all ages, but in children, especially those immunosuppressed, serious or atypical presentations have been described. We present the case of a 16-year-old patient with a history of kidney transplantation that began with nonspecific respiratory symptoms, cough, and intermittent fever peaks. Imaging findings suggestive of cavitation were found, which by means of a fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage study isolated Histoplasma capsulatum by means of a deep mycosis culture. The main interest of the case presented is the consideration of histoplasmosis in the presence of cavitated lesions in the lung parenchyma in immunosuppressed patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Histoplasmosis/etiology , Histoplasmosis/therapy , Histoplasmosis/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Immunocompromised Host , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Histoplasma/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 16(2): 129-134, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525501

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Exponer en base a un caso clínico una revisión de literatura reciente sobre Proteinosis alveolar pulmonar (PAP). Presentación del caso: Revisión de ficha clínica electrónica de paciente de sexo masculino de 76 años con antecedente de linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) mesentérico, estirpe B de tipo folicular, quien acude en forma reiterada a servicios de urgencia por cuadro de dos meses de evolución de fiebre, compromiso del estado general y tos. Al examen físico destaca crépitos en hemitórax derecho. Se realizó Tomografía computada (TC) de tórax que mostró opacidades pulmonares en vidrio esmerilado periféricas, con engrosamiento septal liso y algunas bandas retráctiles subpleurales. Se manejó ambulatoriamente con Azitromicina por una semana. Sin respuesta, evoluciona con baja de peso y diaforesis nocturna. Nueva TC de tórax en enero 2021, muestra nuevos focos de "empedrado" periféricos extensos, descrito como "crazy paving", focos de vidrio esmerilado difusos extensos, sin condensación y con resolución de bandas retráctiles. Estudio infeccioso negativo. Se realiza lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) con estudio histológico de líquido que muestra proceso inflamatorio crónico con abundantes macrófagos y material proteináceo. Discusión: Tras el descarte de patología infecciosa, se orientó el estudio hacia otras causas de enfermedad parenquimatosa pulmonar. Así, resulta fundamental la descripción correcta del patrón imagenológico tomográfico y el LBA que resultaron compatibles con PAP. Conclusión: La PAP es una patología infrecuente, pero una historia clínica adecuada, el planteamiento de diagnósticos diferenciales de neumonía de lenta resolución, asociado el reconocimiento del patrón radiológico característico y el estudio histológico con LBA permiten realizar un diagnóstico certero, con gran implicancia terapéutica.


Objective: To present a review of recent literature on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) based on a clinical case. Presentation of the case: Review of electronic clinical record of a 76 years-old masculine patient with history of mesenteric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) follicular-type lineage B, who repeatedly attended the emergency services due to a two-month history of symptoms of fever, compromised general condition and cough. Physical examination revealed crepitus in the right hemithorax. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed, which showed peripheral ground-glass pulmonary opacities, with smooth septal thickening and some subpleural retractile bands. He was managed on an outpatient basis with Azithromycin for one week. No response; evolves with weight loss and night diaphoresis. New chest CT in January 2021, shows new extensive peripheral "cobblestone" foci, described as "crazy paving", extensive diffuse ground glass foci, without condensation and with resolution of retractile bands. Negative infectious study. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed with a histological study of the fluid showing a chronic inflammatory process with abundant macrophages and proteinaceous material. Discussion: After ruling out infectious pathology, the study was oriented towards other causes of pulmonary parenchymal disease. Thus, the correct description of the tomographic imaging pattern and the BAL that were compatible with PAP are essential. Conclusion: PAP is an infrequent pathology, but an adequate clinical history, the approach to differential diagnoses of slowly resolving pneumonia, associated with the recognition of the characteristic radiological pattern and the histological study with BAL allow an accurate diagnosis to be made, with great therapeutic implications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/diagnostic imaging , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Pulmonary Surfactants , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/methods , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins
5.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 273-277, set. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431442

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades respiratorias con difícil diagnóstico. El estudio del lavado broncoalvolar mediante citometría de flujo puede definir patrones celulares típicos en diferentes en fermedades, proporcionando algo de ayuda en el diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar retrospectivamente la utilidad clínica de las subpoblaciones celulares y linfocitarias detectadas en el lavado broncoalveolar por citometría de flujo, con la finalidad de definir patrones celulares típicos que permitan el diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedades granulomatosas pulmonares. Materiales y métodos: En el estudio se han incluido 44 pacientes retrospectivamente. Los sujetos fueron diagnosticados de sar coidosis o neumonitis por hipersensibilidad durante un periodo de 3 años. Se realizó el análisis celular de lavado broncoalveolar por citometría de flujo, pruebas histológicas y de imagen (TACAR), como parte del diagnóstico. Los porcentajes de células T, células B, células NK, CD4, CD8 y CD4 / CD8 se analizaron por citometría de flujo, a través de los marcadores CD3 +, CD19 + CD4 +, CD8 +, CD3 + CD4-CD8- y CD3 + CD16-CD56-. Resultados: Concluimos que los parámetros de mayor utilidad fueron la linfocitosis y sobre todo, el cociente CD4/CD8. Este cociente se presentó alto en patologías como la sarcoidosis y se invirtió en la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, con respecto a los valores hallados en sangre periférica. Conclusiones: El estudio de BAL es útil para discriminar entre enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales granulomatosas y otras EPID.


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic , Flow Cytometry
6.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 278-282, set. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431443

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Diffuse interstitial lung diseases are a hard-to-diagnose heterogeneous group of respiratory diseases. The study of bronchoalveolar lavage through flow cytometry may define typical cell patterns in different diseases and so help confirm the differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical utility of cell and lymphocyte subpopulations detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage by flow cytometry in order to define typical cell patterns that allow for making a differential diagnosis of granulomatous lung diseases. Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 44 patients. The subjects were diagnosed with sarcoidosis or hypersen sitivity pneumonitis during a period of 3 years. We performed the cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage through flow cytometry and histological and imaging testing (HRCAT, High Resolution Computed Axial Tomography) as part of the diagnosis. The percentages of T cells, B cells, NK cells, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 were analyzed by flow cytometry for the following markers: CD3 +, CD19 + CD4 +, CD8 +, CD3 + CD4-CD8- and CD3 + CD16-CD56-. Results: We conclude that the most important parameters were lymphocytosis and especially the CD4/CD8 quotient. This quotient was high for diseases such as sarcoidosis and low for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, in comparison with the values found in the peripheral blood. Conclusions: The BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage) study is useful for differentiating between granulomatous interstitial lung diseases and other DILDs (diffuse interstitial lung diseases).


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic , Flow Cytometry
7.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 297-301, set. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431446

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Tuberculosis (TB) es una de las diez causas principales de muerte en el mundo, y la principal causa por un solo agente infeccioso. La detección precoz del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) y de mutaciones que confieren resistencia a los principales fármacos empleados en la terapia antituberculosa, contribuye a la disminución de la transmisión de la infección y consecuentemente a la expansión de la TB resistente. La prueba GeneXpertMTB/RIF, mediante ensayos de PCR en tiempo real identifica de manera simultánea el CMT y detecta las mutaciones más frecuentemente asociadas con resistencia a rifampicina. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el rendimiento del método GeneXpertMTB/RIF en lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) frente al lavado bronquial (LB) en pacientes inmunocompetentes con sospecha clínica de TB pulmonar, sin documentación microbiológica previa. Materiales y Métodos: Se incorporaron prospectivamente pacientes con infiltrados radiológicos pulmonares compatibles con TB activa o residual sin tratamiento previo, con baciloscopia directa negativa o tos improductiva, para valoración de enfermedad activa. Se identificó el segmento más afectado mediante tomografía axial computada realizándose broncoscopia con BAL en dicho segmento, seguido de LB en todo el lóbulo afectado. Se consideró significativa una recuperación del BAL >40%. Las muestras obtenidas fueron procesadas para baciloscopia, cultivo y GeneXpertMTB/RIF. Se analizó la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) tomando como referencia el cultivo en medio sólido para el diagnóstico del CMT. Resultados: Se incorporaron 20 pacientes, se excluyeron 3 por no obtener una muestra representativa de BAL. Se estudiaron 17 pacientes (11 mujeres, 65%), edad 37.2 ± 16.3 años. Se identificó al CMT con métodos convencionales en 10 pacientes: 10 con cultivo positivo en LB y 9 en BAL. Comparando con métodos convencionales, 6 de 17 muestras obtenidas mediante BAL fueron positivas con GeneXpertMTB/RIF: S = 60.0% (IC 31%-83%), E = 100% (IC 65%-100%), VPP = 100% (IC 61%-100%) y VPN = 64% (IC 35.4%-84.8%). Con LB, 9 de 17 fueron Xpert MTB/RIF positivas: S = 90.0% (IC 60%-98%), E = 100% (IC 65%-100%), VPP = 100% (IC 70%-100%) y VPN = 88% (IC 53%-98%). Todos los casos identificados con GeneXpertMTB/RIF fueron verdaderos positivos en relación con los cultivos convencionales. Conclusión: Considerando al cultivo sólido como método de referencia, el LB resultó más sensible que el BAL para el diagnóstico de infección tuberculosa por el método de GeneXpertMTB/RIF en los pacientes con sospecha de TB sin documentación microbiológica previa.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Communicable Diseases , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
8.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 302-306, set. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431447

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide, and the main cause from a single infectious agent. Early detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and of mutations conferring resistance to the main drugs used in antituberculous treatment contributes to reducing the transmission of the infection, and consequently the spread of resistant TB. The GeneXpert MTB/ RIF test identifies the MTC and simultaneously detects mutations most frequently associated with rifampicin resistance, through real-time PCR testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF method in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with bronchial lavage (LB) in immunocompetent patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB without any previous microbiological documentation. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with radiologic pulmonary infiltrates compatible with active or residual TB without previous treatment, with negative direct bacilloscopy or nonproductive cough, for the assessment of active disease. We identified the most affected segment through computed axial tomography and bronchoscopy with BAL in said segment, followed by BL of the affected lobe. A BAL recovery > 40% was considered significant. The samples obtained were processed for bacilloscopy, culture and GeneXpert MTB/RIF. We analyzed sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), taking the solid culture medium as reference for the diagnosis of MTC. Results: We included 20 patients; 3 were excluded because they didn't have a representative BAL sample. 17 patients were evaluated (11 women, 65%), age 37.2 ± 16.3. The MTC was identified through conventional methods in 10 patients: 10 with positive culture in BL and 9 in BAL. In comparison with the conventional methods, 6 out of 17 samples obtained through BAL had a positive result for GeneXpert MTB/ RIF: S = 60.0% (CI 31%-83%), SP = 100% (CI 65%-100%), PPV = 100% (CI 61%-100%) and NPV = 64% (CI 35.4%-84.8%). With BL, 9 out of 17 had a positive result for Xpert MTB/RIF: S = 90.0% (CI 60%-98%), SP = 100% (CI 65%-100%), PPV = 100% (CI 70%-100%) and NPV = 88% (CI 53%-98%). All the cases identified with GeneXpert MTB/RIF were true positives in relation to conventional cultures. Conclusion: Considering the solid culture as reference method, the BL was more sensitive than the BAL for the diagnosis of tubercu lous infection through the GeneXpert MTB/RIF method in patients with suspected TB without previous microbiological documentation.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Communicable Diseases , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
9.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 109(1): 59-63, ene.-abr. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281778

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir el diagnóstico y el tratamiento interdisciplinario de un caso clínico de histoplasmosis. Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino de 39 años, con antecedentes de consumo de drogas, alcohol, tabaquismo crónico y VIH+ sin adherencia al tratamiento, acudió al Servicio de Odontología por una interconsulta del Servicio de Clínica Médica para la evaluación de lesiones erosivas en paladar duro y blando, reborde alveolar anterior, dorso lingual y lesión tumoral en encía anterosuperior. El diagnóstico definitivo se obtuvo por medio del análisis de muestras de biopsia transbronquial, lavado broncoalveolar y biopsia de lesión en piel. El paciente recibió tratamiento sistémico con antimicóticos (anfotericina B e itraconazol según esquema) y tratamiento local con colutorio de clorhexidina al 0,12% y 100.000 UI de nistatina en suspensión. Al momento del alta, presentaba una considerable mejoría de su estado general y de las lesiones orales, con disminución de sintomatología dolorosa. Se indicó turno para control a los 7 días de forma ambulatoria, al cual el paciente no asistió. El abordaje interdisciplinario y el análisis de los diferentes aspectos socioeconómicos, culturales, ambientales y sistémicos del paciente facilitaron el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad (AU)


Aim: To describe the diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment of a clinical case of histoplasmosis. Clinical case: 39-year-old male patient with a history of drug abuse, alcohol, and chronic smoking, HIV+ without treatment compliance, attends the dental department referred by the medical department for the diagnosis of erosive lesions in the hard and soft palate, anterior alveolar ridge, lingual dorsum and tumor lesion in the anterosuperior gingiva. The definitive diagnosis was obtained by the analysis of transbronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage and skin lesion biopsy. The patient received systemic treatment with antifungals (amphotericin b, itraconazole according to protocol), and local treatment with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash and 100,000 IU nystatin suspension. At the time of medical discharge, the patient presented a considerable improvement in his general condition and of the oral lesions with a reduced pain. A 7 days recall was prescribed, however the patient failed to attend. The interdisciplinary approach to the patient and the analysis of the different socio-economic, cultural, environmental and systemic aspects of the patient facilitates the early diagnosis of the disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Oral Manifestations , HIV , Dental Care for Chronically Ill , Histoplasmosis , Argentina , Biopsy , Amphotericin B , Nystatin , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Itraconazole , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Dental Service, Hospital , Early Diagnosis , Mouth Mucosa/injuries , Antifungal Agents
10.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 33(1): 68-74, jan.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289049

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar se as modificações na atenção médica em razão da aplicação dos protocolos para COVID-19 afetaram os desfechos clínicos de pacientes sem a doença durante a pandemia. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional de coorte retrospectiva conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica com 38 leitos, localizada em hospital privado de alta complexidade na cidade de Buenos Aires, Argentina, e envolveu os pacientes com insuficiência respiratória admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva no período compreendido entre março e abril de 2020 em comparação com o mesmo período no ano de 2019. Compararam-se as intervenções e os desfechos dos pacientes sem COVID-19 tratados durante a pandemia em 2020 e os pacientes admitidos em 2019. As principais variáveis avaliadas foram os cuidados respiratórios na unidade de terapia intensiva, o número de exames de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e lavados broncoalveolares, complicações na unidade de terapia intensiva e condições quando da alta hospitalar. Resultados: Observou-se, em 2020, uma redução significante do uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo: 14 (42%), em 2019, em comparação com 1 (3%), em 2020. Além disso, em 2020, observou-se aumento significante no número de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva a partir do pronto-socorro, de 23 (69%) em comparação com 11 (31%) em 2019. Contudo, o número de pacientes com ventilação mecânica 5 dias após a admissão foi semelhante em ambos os anos: 24 (69%), em 2019, e 26 (79%) em 2020. Conclusão: Os protocolos para unidades de terapia intensiva com base em recomendações internacionais para a pandemia de COVID-19 modificaram o manejo de pacientes sem COVID-19. Observamos redução do uso da cânula nasal de alto fluxo e aumento no número de intubações traqueais no pronto-socorro. Entretanto, não se identificaram alterações na percentagem de pacientes intubados na unidade de terapia intensiva, número de dias sob ventilação mecânica ou número de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva.


Abstract Objective: To analyze whether changes in medical care due to the application of COVID-19 protocols affected clinical outcomes in patients without COVID-19 during the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study carried out in a thirty-eight-bed surgical and medical intensive care unit of a high complexity private hospital. Patients with respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit during March and April 2020 and the same months in 2019 were selected. We compared interventions and outcomes of patients without COVID-19 during the pandemic with patients admitted in 2019. The main variables analyzed were intensive care unit respiratory management, number of chest tomography scans and bronchoalveolar lavages, intensive care unit complications, and status at hospital discharge. Results: In 2020, a significant reduction in the use of a high-flow nasal cannula was observed: 14 (42%) in 2019 compared to 1 (3%) in 2020. Additionally, in 2020, a significant increase was observed in the number of patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to the intensive care unit from the emergency department, 23 (69%) compared to 11 (31%) in 2019. Nevertheless, the number of patients with mechanical ventilation after 5 days of admission was similar in both years: 24 (69%) in 2019 and 26 (79%) in 2020. Conclusion: Intensive care unit protocols based on international recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic have produced a change in non-COVID-19 patient management. We observed a reduction in the use of a high-flow nasal cannula and an increased number of tracheal intubations in the emergency department. However, no changes in the percentage of intubated patients in the intensive care unit, the number of mechanical ventilation days or the length of stay in intensive care unit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Critical Illness/therapy , Disease Management , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Surveys , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
11.
Med. lab ; 25(4): 671-673, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369965

ABSTRACT

Las patologías respiratorias son una de las principales causas de enfermedad y muerte. En las estimaciones hechas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) entre los años 2000 y 2019, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y las infecciones de las vías respiratorias inferiores fueron la tercera y cuarta causa de muerte, respectivamente, y la primera cuando el análisis se hacía únicamente con las enfermedades transmisibles, tanto antes de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), como durante esta. Para modificar su impacto en la salud de la población, es importante, además de mantener y mejorar las actividades encaminadas a su prevención, establecer diagnósticos y tratamientos oportunos, certeros y eficaces


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome , SARS-CoV-2
12.
Med. lab ; 25(4): 675-693, 2021. ilus, tabs
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369969

ABSTRACT

El lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) se describió hace aproximadamente 50 años, y desde ese momento se ha venido empleando cada vez con más frecuencia, llegando a ser uno de los métodos de elección para hacer el diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones respiratorias bajas, pues facilita la identificación de patógenos oportunistas y no oportunistas. Su uso se incrementó paralelamente con el número de pacientes inmunocomprometidos, sobre todo a causa del SIDA y los trasplantes, situaciones en las que con frecuencia los pacientes padecen infecciones pulmonares por gérmenes oportunistas. El LBA es un procedimiento seguro que permite obtener muestras que aportan información amplia de las características celulares y microbiológicas del tracto respiratorio inferior. Para garantizar su utilidad es fundamental que la recolección, transporte, almacenamiento y procesamiento de las muestras sean óptimos. El análisis de las muestras se hace por técnicas convencionales para identificación de microorganismos, como son las tinciones y el aislamiento en medios de cultivo, y por otros métodos tales como la inmunofluorescencia, pruebas inmunológicas para la detección de antígenos y anticuerpos, y pruebas de biología molecular. En la presente revisión, se hace una actualización sobre el procedimiento de obtención, almacenamiento y transporte de las muestras de LBA, así como de las técnicas de diagnóstico microbiológico más utilizadas para identificar los principales agentes infecciosos asociados con enfermedades del tracto respiratorio inferior


Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was described approximately 50 years ago and since then it has been used with increasing frequency, becoming one of the methods of choice for making the microbiological diagnosis of lower respiratory infections, as it facilitates the identification of opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens. Its use increased in parallel with the number of immunocompromised patients, especially due to AIDS and transplantation, situations in which patients frequently suffer from lung infections due to opportunistic germs. BAL is a safe procedure that allows obtaining samples that provide comprehensive information on the cellular and microbiological characteristics of the lower respiratory tract. Optimal collection, transport, storage and processing of samples is essential to guarantee its usefulness. Analysis of the samples is done both by conventional techniques for the identification of microorganisms, such as staining and isolation in culture media, as well as by other methods such as immunofluorescence, immunological tests for the detection of antigens and antibodies, and molecular biology assays. In this review, an update in presented on the procedure for obtaining, storing and transporting BAL samples, as well as on the most widely used microbiological diagnostic techniques to identify the main infectious agents associated with lower respiratory tract diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Respiratory Tract Infections , Staining and Labeling , Bacterial Infections and Mycoses , Diagnosis , Mycobacterium
13.
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) ; (12): 156-161, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880637

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease with non-specific and various clinical manifestations, often leading to misdiagnosis. This study aims to raise the awareness of this disease via summarizing the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and therapy of PAP.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 25 hospitalized cases of PAP during 2008 and 2019 in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.@*RESULTS@#Cough with unkown reason and dyspnea were common clinical manifastations of PAP. Five patients had a history of occupational inhalational exposure. Sixteen patients had typical image features including ground-glass opacification of alveolar spaces and thickening of the interlobular and intralobular septa, in typical shapes called crazy-paving and geographic pattern. Fourteen patients underwent pulmonary function tests, revealing a reduction in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. The positive rate of transbronchial biopsy was 95%. Five patients received the whole lung lavage and the symptoms and imaging fcauters significantly relieved after five-years follow-up.@*CONCLUSIONS@#PAP is characterized by radiographic pattern and pathology. Transbronchial lung biopsy is effective to make diagnosis of PAP. The whole lung lavage remains a efficient therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Cough , Dyspnea , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy , Retrospective Studies
14.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(12): 1073-1076, Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1155038

ABSTRACT

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed to obtain information on leakage of acute-phase proteins from the blood into the respiratory lumen and about local synthesis. Ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitripsin, immunoglobulin G heavy, immunoglobulin G light, immunoglobulin A, haptoglobin, acidic glycoprotein, and P23 were measured in BALF from 30 horses without inflammatory disease by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In serum, the same proteins were identified except for α1-antitrypsin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) can be used for the determination of acute-phase proteins in BALF samples from horses. In healthy horses, the values are very low, but they can be compared with reference values to assist in the diagnosis of animals with respiratory diseases.(AU)


O líquido obtido através da lavagem broncoalveolar (LBA) foi analisado para obter informações sobre as proteínas da fase aguda. Ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, α1-antitripsina, imunoglobulina G pesada, imunoglobulina G leve, imunoglobulina A, haptoglobina, glicoproteína ácida e P23 foram medidas nos LBA de 30 cavalos sem doença inflamatória por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecilsulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). No soro, as mesmas proteínas foram identificadas, exceto a α1-antitripsina. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstra que a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) pode ser usada para a determinação de proteínas de fase aguda em amostras de LBA em cavalos. Em cavalos saudáveis, os valores são muito baixos, no entanto, podem ser comparados e auxiliar no diagnóstico de animais com doenças respiratórias.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomarkers/analysis , Acute-Phase Reaction/diagnosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/veterinary , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Horses , Ceruloplasmin , Haptoglobins , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin G , Glycoproteins
15.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(4): e401, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1144319

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased exponentially in recent years and has shown to be effective in treating adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to HiNi-related pneumonia. However, evidence remains controversial. This study describes a case series of ECMO in ARDS secondary to viral pneumonia. Methods A search was conducted in the ECMO database of Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia for the 20132017 period. A case series report was written of patients diagnosed with ARDS secondary to confirmed or suspected viral pneumonia. Results Nineteen patients with ECMO support and ARDS due to viral pneumonia were included in the study. The survival rate upon discharge was 11 patients (58%) and weaning from ECMO support was successful in 13 patients (68%). Hemorrhagic complications were the most frequent: gastrointestinal bleeding, 10 patients (53%); intracranial bleeding, 2 (10%); alveolar hemorrhage, 2 (10%);' hemothorax requiring thoracostomy with chest tube drainage, 2 (10%); cannulation site bleeding, 9 patients (47%); and surgical site bleeding in 3 patients (25%) who required tracheostomy. Other complications were: pneumothorax, 1 patient (5%); sepsis, 6 patients (32%); and growth of microorganisms in bronchial lavage, 6 patients (32%). Conclusions This study supports the use of veno-venous ECMO to achieve a higher survival rate than expected in patients with severe ARDS and refractory hypoxemia secondary to viral pneumonia. Early initiation of the therapy should improve overall results.


Resumen Introducción El uso de la oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) ha tenido un incremento exponencial en los últimos años y ha demostrado ser efectivo en el manejo del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del adulto (SDRA) secundario a neumonía por H1N1, si bien la evidencia sigue siendo controvertida. En este estudio describimos una serie de casos de ECMO por SDRA secundario a neumonía viral. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos de ECMO de la Fundación Cardiovascular desde el año 20132017. Reportamos una serie de casos donde se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticados con SDRA secundario a neumonía viral sospechosa o confirmada. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio 19 pacientes con soporte de ECMO y SDRA por neumonía viral. La sobrevida al alta fue 11 pacientes (58%) y el destete del ECMO fue exitoso en 13 pacientes (68%). Las complicaciones hemorrágicas presentadas fueron: sangrado digestivo, 10 pacientes (53%), sangrado cerebral, 2 (10%), hemorragia alveolar, 2 (10%), hemotórax con requerimiento de toracostomía a drenaje cerrado, 2 (10%), sangrado activo por sitio de canulación, 9 pacientes (53%), y 3 pacientes traqueostomizados (25%) que sangraron por el sitio quirúrgico. Otras complicaciones presentadas fueron: neumotórax, 1 paciente (5%), septicemia, 6 (32%) y crecimiento de microorganismos en lavados bronquiales 6 (32%). Conclusion El presente estudio permite indicar que el uso de la ECMO VV viabiliza una sobrevida mayor a la esperada en pacientes con SDRA severo e hipoxemia refractaria secundario a neumonía viral. Su inicio tempranamente debe mejorar los resultados globales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Viral , Poisons , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Chest Tubes , Hemothorax , Pneumothorax , Thoracostomy , Tracheostomy , Catheterization , Survival Rate , Sepsis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
16.
Acta méd. colomb ; 45(3): 82-82, jul.-set. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1149051

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia pulmonar por inhalación de cocaína o alguno de sus derivados (crack-cocaina) resulta en un síndrome raro conocido como "pulmón de crack", cuya presentación es aguda y potencialmente fatal. Del 25 al 60% de las personas que consumen cocaína reportan síntomas respiratorios después de la inhalación, pero menos del 5% consultan por esta causa. Los síntomas aparecen dentro de las primeras 5 horas luego del consumo y la presentación clínica puede ser variable con posibilidad de progresión. En los estudios radiograficos se pueden apreciar frecuentemente areas de afectación intersticial difusa de localización subpleural o peribronquial. El analisis del lavado broncoalveolar juega un papel importante en el diagnostico y exclusion de condiciones diferenciales. La presencia de hemosiderofagos en recuento significativo determina la hemorragia aveolar por inhalacion de cocaina. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno es crucial en esta entidad. Se revisó un caso de hemorragia pulmonar por inhalación de crack ­ cocaina que resolvio satisfactoriamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hemorrhage , Syndrome , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Lung , Persons
17.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e324-e328, jun. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1117352

ABSTRACT

La proteinosis alveolar pulmonar es una enfermedad pulmonar difusa caracterizada por la acumulación anormal de surfactante y lipoproteínas en el espacio alveolar, lo cual empeora el intercambio gaseoso y lleva a un curso variable desde una presentación clínica asintomática hasta una falla respiratoria grave.Se presenta a una adolescente de 16 años con este diagnóstico que fue remitida a nuestro Hospital para la realización de un lavado pulmonar total luego de una historia de disnea progresiva, dificultad respiratoria, caída de la función pulmonar y anormalidades radiológicas. Se le realizaron estudios de función pulmonar y mediciones de laboratorio antes y después del lavado pulmonar terapéutico.Luego, la paciente presentó una inmediata mejoría tanto de los síntomas, radiografía de tórax y mediciones de estudios de función pulmonar como en el intercambio gaseoso. El lavado pulmonar total continúa siendo el estándar de oro para el tratamiento de la proteinosis alveolar pulmonar en casos graves


Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an unusual diffuse lung disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of pulmonary surfactant and lipoproteins in the alveolar space, which impairs gas exchange with a variable clinical course, ranging from an asymptomatic clinical presentation to severely affected respiratory failure.A 16-year-old girl with diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis presented to our hospital for therapeutic lung lavage after a recent history of progressive dyspnea, respiratory distress, declining lung function measurements, and worsening radiographic abnormalities. We obtained baseline pulmonary function tests and laboratory measurements before and after therapeutic bilateral lung lavage. After the lavage, the patient demonstrated an immediate improvement in symptoms, chest radiograph appearance, pulmonary function test measurements, as well as in gas exchange. Whole lung lavage is still the gold standard for treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in severe cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/diagnosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Respiratory Insufficiency , Lung Diseases
18.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 984-989, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-828633

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To study the influencing factors for the clinical effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis.@*METHODS@#A total of 75 children with MPP and atelectasis were divided into a good response group with 51 children and a poor response group with 24 children according to the clinical effect of BAL treatment. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical effect of BAL treatment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and restricted cubic spline model analysis were used to evaluate the value of the course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment in predicting the clinical effect of BAL treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the good response group, the poor response group had a significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a significantly higher proportion of children with atelectasis of two or more lung lobes or stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation, and a significantly longer course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment and azithromycin treatment (P<0.05). The LASSO logistic regression analysis showed that a prolonged course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment (OR=1.23), atelectasis of two or more lung lobes (OR=11.99), and stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation (OR=5.31) were independent risk factors for poor clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the course of disease of ≥11.5 days at the time of BAL treatment suggested a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 54.9%. The restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between the course of disease at the time of BAL treatment and the clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early BAL treatment may have a good clinical effect in children with MPP and atelectasis. Atelectasis of two or more lung lobes and inflammation-induced stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening shown under bronchoscope may indicate a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma , Pulmonary Atelectasis
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(6): 1781-1790, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1055113

ABSTRACT

As afecções do sistema respiratório são a segunda causa de queda de desempenho e afastamento dos equinos do esporte ou trabalho, as quais estão atrás somente das desordens musculoesqueléticas. A estabulação e a alimentação à base de fenos predispõem os equinos à inalação de grande número de agentes irritantes às vias aéreas. No intuito de avaliar a influência dos tipos de cama utilizados em baias, estudaram-se três grupos de cinco equinos cada, durante 45 dias. Dois grupos foram mantidos em cocheiras com forrações diferentes à base de madeira (maravalha de pínus autoclavada-MA e serragem-SE) e o terceiro grupo permaneceu no pasto. Foram realizadas avaliações quinzenais, que incluíram exame físico, hemograma, hemogasometria e lavado broncoalveolar. Ao exame físico, notou-se a presença de tosse e espirros em animais do grupo SE. No lavado broncoalveolar, a contagem de células nucleadas totais apresentou maiores valores nos animais a pasto, seguido do grupo SE e, por último, o MA. Concluiu-se que as duas camas testadas neste estudo não apresentaram diferença com relação à capacidade irritativa das vias aéreas superiores no período analisado.(AU)


Respiratory system affections in horses are the second cause of decrease in performance and removal from the sport or farm work, which are behind only the musculoskeletal disorders. Stabling and hay feeding predisposes horses' airways to inhalation of large numbers of irritating agents. To evaluate the influence of bed types used in bays, 3 groups of 5 horses each were studied for 45 days. Two groups were kept in stables with different wood beds - based rafters (autoclaved pine - MA and sawdust - SE) and the third group remained in the pasture. Biweekly evaluations with physical examination, hemogram, hemogasometry and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. On physical examination, the presence of cough and sneezing was observed in animals of the SE group. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, the total nucleated cell count presented higher values in the animals in the pasture, followed by the SE group and finally the MA. It was concluded that the different beds used presented no difference with respect to the irritative capacity of the upper airways.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Respiratory System/pathology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/veterinary , Horses/physiology , Hypersensitivity/veterinary , Housing, Animal
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(6): 657-661, dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058197

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Neumonía Eosinofílica (NE) es una entidad muy poco frecuente en pediatría y se caracteriza por infiltración de eosinófilos en el intersticio pulmonar y alveolar, pudiendo ser primaria o secundaria, así como también presentar un curso agudo o crónico. OBJETIVO: Presentar dos casos clínicos de NE diagnosticados en el período 2014-2017 en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos pediátricos. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Dos lactantes mayores, ambos con antecedente de madre asmática, hospitalizados por in suficiencia respiratoria y diagnóstico de neumonía viral en Clínica Indisa, Santiago, Chile. Ambos presentaron síndrome febril, imágenes de condensación persistentes en la radiografía de tórax y eosinofilia periférica en el transcurso de su enfermedad. Uno de ellos con requerimiento de oxígeno por más de un mes, sin eosinofilia en el lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), al que se le hizo el diagnóstico de NE por biopsia pulmonar. El otro niño requirió ventilación mecánica por 28 días y se hizo diag nóstico de NE por eosinofilia mayor a 20% en LBA. Los dos casos presentaron excelente respuesta a corticoides sistémicos. CONCLUSIÓN: La NE se debe sospechar en el niño con diagnóstico de neumonía con síntomas persistentes sin respuesta al tratamiento, habiéndose descartado otras causas, sobre todo si se asocia a eosinofilia periférica. El diagnostico de NE en pediatría se confirma por eosinofilia mayor a 20% en LBA y en algunos casos es necesaria la biopsia pulmonar.


INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic Pneumonia (EP) is a very rare disorder in Pediatrics. It is characterized by the infiltra tion of eosinophils in the pulmonary and alveolar interstitium, and may be primary or secondary as well as present an acute or chronic progress. OBJECTIVE: to present 2 pediatric EP clinical cases which were diagnosed at the pediatric intensive care unit of Clinica Indisa in Santiago, Chile between 2014 and 2017. CLINICAL CASES: Two older infants, who were hospitalized due to respiratory failure with a diagnosis of viral pneumonia. Both have asthmatic mothers. Additionally, they both had febrile syn drome, persistent condensation images in the chest x-rays, and peripheral eosinophilia throughout the course of the disease. One of the infants required oxygen for more than one month, and there was no eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In this case, the diagnosis of EP was reached via pulmonary biopsy. The other infant required mechanic ventilation for 28 days, and was diagnosed due to eosinophilia greater than 25% in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Both patients had excellent res ponse to systemic corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: After ruling out other causes, EP should be suspected in children with pneumonia diagnosis, and persistent symptoms that do not respond positively to treatment, especially if associated with peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnosis of EP in pediatrics is confirmed with eosinophilia greater than 20% in BAL and, in some cases, it is necessary to perform a lung biopsy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Oxygen/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/pathology , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnostic imaging , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Biopsy , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Lung/pathology
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